Rujukan Tandas berpam

  1. ↑ Sejarah Alam Sekitar Air[pautan mati], m/s. 40
  2. ↑ von Münch, E.; Milosevic, D. (2015): Kaji selidik kualitatif tentang tandas jongkok dan membersihkan dubur dengan air dengan penekanan khas pada negara-negara Muslim dan Buddha dengan menggunakan forum perbincangan SuSanA. Ostella Consulting, Schwalbach, Jerman
  3. ↑ Kagan, Mya. "Di Mana Air Pergi Apabila Saya Membilas Tandas?" Soalan Kanak-kanak Mengapa. Whyzz. Publications LLC, 2011.
  4. ↑ Childe, V.; Paterson, J.; Thomas, Bryce (30 November 1929). "Provisional Report on the Excavations at Skara Brae, and on Finds from the 1927 and 1928 Campaigns. With a Report on Bones". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 63: 225–280. doi:10.9750/PSAS.063.225.280. Dicapai pada 6 May 2020.
  5. ↑ Suddath, Claire (19 November 2009). "A Brief History of Toilets". Time. Time. Dicapai pada 6 May 2020.
  6. ↑ Mark, Joshua J. "Skara Brae". World History Encyclopedia. Dicapai pada 6 May 2020.
  7. ↑ Grant, Walter G.; Childe, V. G. (1938). "A Stone-Age Settlement at the Braes of Rinyo, Rousay, Orkney. (First Report.)". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 72. Dicapai pada 6 May 2020.
  8. ↑ Wald, Chelsea (26 May 2016). "The secret history of ancient toilets". Nature News (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 533 (7604): 456–458. Bibcode:2016Natur.533..456W. doi:10.1038/533456a. PMID 27225101. S2CID 4398699.
  9. ↑ Yannopoulos, Stavros; Yapijakis, Christos; Kaiafa-Saropoulou, Asimina; Antoniou, George; Angelakis, Andreas N. (2017-02-14). "Sejarah teknologi kebersihan dan kebersihan diri di dunia Hellenik". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. IWA Publishing. 7 (2): 163–180. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.178. ISSN 2043-9083.
  10. ↑ Yannopoulos, Stavros; Yapijakis, Christos; Kaiafa-Saropoulou, Asimina; Antoniou, George; Angelakis, Andreas N. (2017). "Sejarah teknologi kebersihan dan kebersihan diri di Dunia Hellenik". Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 7 (2): 163–180. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.178. ISSN 2043-9083.
  11. ↑ "2,400-year-old flush toilet discovered in China could be one of the oldest ever". CNN (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 22 February 2023.
  12. ↑ Kinghorn, Jonathan (1986), "A Privvie in Perfection: Sir John Harrington's Water Closet", Bath History, 1: 173–88, ISBN 0-86299-294-X.. Kinghorn mengawasi pembinaan semula moden pada 1981, berdasarkan keterangan berilustrasi oleh pembantu Harington, Thomas Coombe, dalam New Discourse.
  13. 1 2 "From Charles Mackintosh's waterproof to Dolly the sheep: 43 innovations Scotland has given the world". The independent. 30 December 2016.
  14. ↑ Skempton, Alec; dll. (2002). A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: Vol 1: 1500 to 1830. Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-2939-X.
  15. ↑ "Toilet remains from 'spend a penny' exhibition uncovered in Hyde Park". The Royal Parks. 7 June 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 February 2017. Dicapai pada 16 November 2016.
  16. ↑ Krinsky, William L. (2 March 1999), "Of Facts and Artifacts", New York Times, dicapai pada 2 March 2009
  17. ↑ Wilson, Blake (16 December 2008), "Tom the Plumber", New York Times, dicapai pada 2 March 2009
  18. ↑ "Evolution of Building Elements". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-03-07.
  19. 1 2 3 David J. Eveleigh, 'Twyford, Thomas William (1849–1921)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Mei 2009; edisi dalam talian, Mei 2011
  20. ↑ Eveleigh, David J. (2008), Privies and Water Closets, Oxford: Shire Publications, ISBN 978-0-7478-0702-5
  21. 1 2 GB 189804990, Giblin, Albert, "Improvements in Flushing Cisterns", published 1898-04-09 
  22. ↑ Hart-Davis, Adam, Thomas Crapper – Fact and Fiction, ExNet, dicapai pada 13 May 2010
  23. ↑ GB 189700724, Crapper, George & Robert Marr Wharam, "Improvements in or relating to Automatic Syphon Flushing Tanks", published 1897-03-06 
  24. ↑ "Tandas Dolphin. Biasanya dikaitkan dengan Edward Johns & Co dari Armitage, Staffordshire, 1885-1889". Muzium Bandar Leeds (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Majlis Bandar Leeds. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2023.
  25. ↑ Schmidt, William E. (1992-01-23). "Bilik Air Inggeris: Keluar dari Almari". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2023.
  26. ↑ "Antik Loo's dari Koleksi Syarikat Thomas Crapper". jldr.com. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2023.
  27. ↑ Edward Johns & Co Ltd (1939-03-14). "Hút hầm cầu Cần Thơ". Google Patents (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2023. 23 Oktober 1940
  28. ↑ "Sejarah Ringkas Tandas Air Sembur". Persatuan Surgeon Urologi British. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2023.
  29. ↑ "SEJARAH TANDAS AIR SEMBUR MODEN!". surfacesreporter.com. 5 April 2017. Dicapai pada 21 Oktober 2023.
  30. ↑ "Bataviaasch Handelsblad, 15 November 1872". Bataviaasch Handelsblad. 15 November 1872. Dicapai pada 28 Disember 2022.
  31. ↑ Mario Theriault, Inovasi Besar Maritim 1833–1950, Goose Lane Editions, 2001, m/s. 34.

Rujukan

WikiPedia: Tandas berpam https://books.google.com/books?id=x7Ov-mVPjZ0C http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details... http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/arti... https://doi.org/10.9750%2FPSAS.063.225.280 https://doi.org/10.1038%2F533456a https://doi.org/10.2166%2Fwashdev.2017.178 http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599... https://www.worldhistory.org/Skara_Brae/ http://soas.is.ed.ac.uk/index.php/psas/article/dow... http://www.nature.com/news/the-secret-history-of-a...